Reverse transcriptase inhibitor; Zalcitabine analog
Form:
Salicylate salt
REVIEW Lamivudine is a potent, single enantiomer nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) antiviral drug. It has been used for treatment of chronic hepatitis B at a lower dose than for treatment of HIV. Long-term use of lamivudine unfortunately leads to emergence of a resistant hepatitis B virus (YMDD) mutant. Despite this, lamivudine is still used widely as it is well tolerated. Lamivudine is an analog of cytidine and can inhibit both types of HIV reverse transcriptase and also the reverse transcriptase of hepatitis B. It is phosphorylated intracellularly to lamivudine triphosphate, which competes for incorporation into viral DNA. It inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase and HBV polymerase enzymes competitively and acts as a chain terminator of DNA synthesis. The lack of a 3''-OH group in the incorporated nucleoside analog prevents the formation of the 5'' to 3'' phosphodiester linkage essential for DNA chain elongation, and therefore, the viral DNA growth is terminated.
REFERENCES
[1]
Fox Z, Dragsted UB, Gerstoft J, Phillips AN, Kjaer J, Mathiesen L, Youle M, Katlama C, Hill A, Bruun JN, Clumeck N, Dellamonica P, Lundgren JD: A randomized trial to evaluate continuation versus discontinuation of lamivudine in individuals failing a lamivudine-containing regimen: the COLATE trial. Antivir Ther. 2006;11(6):761-70.
[2]
Goodyear, Michael David; Dwyer, P. Owen; Hill, Malcolm Leithead; Whitehead, Andrew Jonathan; Hornby, Roy; Hallett, Peter Diastereoselective synthesis of oxathiolane nucleoside analogs. PCT Int. Appl. (1995), WO 9529174 A1 19951102.
[3]
Shah, Chirag Surendrabhai; Sorathiya, Suresh Devjibhai; Agarwal, Virendra Kumar; Nirogi, Venkata Satya Ramakrishna; Pandita, Kanwal; Patel, Pankaj Ramanbhai Process for the preparation of crystalline polymorph II of lamivudine PCT Int. Appl. (2003), WO 2003027106 A1 20030403.
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