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BIOLOGICAL INFO
Solubility:
50mg/ml in MeOH: clear colorless to light yellow solution
Form:
Sodium salt
Research Area:
infection
REVIEW Monensin is a polyether antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It is widely used in ruminant animal feeds. When fed to beef cows, monensin reduced amounts of feed required to maintain cow weight. The structure of monensin was first described by in 1967, and was the first polyether antibiotic to have its structure elucidated in this way. Monensin A is an ionophore related to the crown ethers with a preference to form complexes with monovalent cations such as: Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Ag+, and Tl+. Monensin A is able to transport these cations across lipid membranes of cells, playing an important role as an Na+/H+ antiporter.. The outer surface of the ionophore-ion complex is composed largely of nonpolar hydrocarbon, which imparts a high solubility to the complexes in nonpolar solvents. In biological systems, these complexes are freely soluble in the lipid components of membranes and, presumably, diffuse or shuttle through the membranes from one aqueous membrane interface to the other. The net effect for monensin is a trans-membrane exchange of sodium ions for protons. Monensin therefore blocks intracellular protein transport, and exhibits antibiotic, antimalarial, and other biological activities. The antibacterial properties of monensin and its derivatives are a result of their ability to transport metal cations through cellular and subcellular membranes.
REFERENCES
[1]
Daniel Lowicki and Adam Huczynski. BioMed Research International 2013: 1-14.
[2]
Patrick Butaye, Luc A. Devriese, Freddy Haesebrouck Antimicrobial Growth Promoters Used in Animal Feed: Effects of Less Well Known Antibiotics on Gram-Positive Bacteria Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2003, p. 175-188, Vol. 16.
[3]
Goodrich RD, Garrett JE, Gast DR, Kirick MA, Larson DA, Meiske JC Influence of monensin on the performance of cattle. J Anim Sci. 1984 Jun;58(6):1484-98.
[4]
Potter EL, VanDuyn RL, Cooley CO. Monensin toxicity in cattle. J Anim Sci. 1984 Jun;58(6):1499-511.
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