REVIEW Sodium butyrate has various effects on cultured mammalian cells including inhibition of proliferation, induction of differentiation and induction or repression of gene expression. Specifically, butyrate treatment of cells results in histone hyperacetylation, and butyrate itself inhibits HDAC activity. Butyrate has been an essential vehicle for determining the role of histone acetylation in chromatin structure and function. Inhibition of HDAC activity is estimated to affect the expression of only 2% of mammalian genes.
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