REVIEW Oseltamivir phosphate is the first orally active neuraminidase inhibitor antiviral drug approved for human use. It is used to treat influenza A virus and influenza B virus infections. Oseltamivir is a prodrug and is itself not virally effective; however, once in the liver it is hydrolysed to its active metabolite - the free carboxylate of oseltamivir. This free carboxylic acid is a competitive inhibitor of the activity of the viral neuraminidase enzyme upon sialic acid, found on glycoproteins on the surface of normal host cells. By blocking the activity of the enzyme, oseltamivir prevents new viral particles from being released by infected cells.
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