REVIEW A sex hormone. Estradiol enters cells freely and interacts with a cytoplasmic target cell receptor. After the estrogen receptor has bound its ligand, estradiol can enter the nucleus of the target cell, and regulate gene transcription, which leads to formation of messenger RNA. The mRNA interacts with ribosomes to produce specific proteins that express the effect of estradiol upon the target cell.
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Yang W, Zhou H, Cicek N (2012). Removal mechanisms of 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol in membrane bioreactors. Water Sci Technol. 66(6):1263-9. PMID 22828304.
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