REVIEW Cefotaxime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. The bactericidal activity of cefotaxime results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Cefotaxime shows high affinity for penicillin-binding proteins in the cell wall including PBP Ib and PBP III. This inhibits the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls, thus inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis. Bacteria eventually lyse due to ongoing activity of cell wall autolytic enzymes (autolysins and murein hydrolases) while cell wall assembly is arrested. Cefotaxime sodium is used in combination with sulbactam sodium, a beta-lactamase inhibitor for use as an injectable. The sulbactam sodium inhibits beta-lactamase, which would otherwise deactivate the cefotaxime. Cefotaxime, like other beta-lactam antibiotics, does not only block the division of bacteria, including cyanobacteria, but also the division of cyanelles, the photosynthetic organelles of the Glaucophytes, and the division of chloroplasts of bryophytes. In contrast, it has no effect on the plastids of the highly developed vascular plants. This supports the endosymbiotic theory and indicates an evolution of plastid division in land plants.
REFERENCES
[1]
Heymes, R.; Lutz, A. 7-Aminothiazolylacetamidocephalosporanic acid oximes. Ger. Offen. (1977), DE 2702501 A1 19770728.
[2]
Ochiai, Michihiko; Aki, Osami; Morimoto, Akira; Okada, Taiiti; Matsushita, Yoshihiro. New cephalosporin derivatives with high antibacterial activities. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin (1977), 25(11), 3115-17.
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Heymes, R.; Lutz, A.; Schrinner, E. Experimental evaluation of HR 756, a new cephalosporin derivative: pre-clinical study. Infection (Munich, Germany) (1977), 5(4), 259-60.
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Neu, H. C. A review and summary of the pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone: a new, extended-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic. Ther Drug Monit. 1981;3(2):121-8.
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